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  A GLANCE AT THE WILD FLORA OF MOUNT HERMON LEBANON - Beirut Arab University - Research Center for Environment and Development

  Safaa Baydoun and Nelly Apostolides Arnold

  This preview is about a few of the fabulous flora and heritage of Mount Hermon, Lebanon. It is one of the deliverables of the Beirut Arab University’s project “Assessment of Flora Biodiversity of Hermon Mountain, Lebanon” that offers a glance of the botanical excursions of the authors and their collaborators over the last three years.

  This preview shows only a few species of the flora identified during the work to give an idea about a few fascinating and rare species of Hermon Mountain in Lebanon (see Arnold et al., 2015). Each species is briefly described and accompanied by its distribution in the country, habitat and altitudinal level where it was observed in the mountain, flowering time and use. All photos have been taken by the research team.

  Plant identification and nomenclature were based on the New Flora of Lebanon and Syria” (Mouterde 1966, 1970, 1983). Synonyms and plant family delimitation followed Euro+Med (2006-) as far as published, and Greuter & al. (1984, 1986, 1989, 2008), with

  Compositae (Greuter & al. 2008) adapted to Asteraceae, and family classification of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009 (APG III, 2009) given if deviating. Botanical description was supplemented with details from the Flora of Cyprus (Meikle,1977 and 1985), Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai (Post,1838-1909), Illustrated Flora of Lebanon (Tohme and Tohme, 2014), Flora Palaestina (Zohary, 1966-1986), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands (Davis, 1965-1985).

  It is hoped that this preview will inspire the continuation of the project towards the development of a complete illustrated checklist of this Lebanese patrimony.

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  Architecture and Metaphor

  Maged Youssef

  This book investigates the relation between architecture and metaphor. Concept beyond architectural ideas is very important aspect for the audience of architects, students, and critics. This book considers a serious trial to uncover the secrets and intentions that generated the concepts of the 20th century architecture. From a very literary perspective, this book interprets the multiple meanings of the architectural forms, which understood as the 'Metaphor' in architecture. This book therefore deals with the phenomenon of metaphor in architecture. It produces many interpretations trying to discover the truth beyond the concepts of the 20th century architecture. It collects fifteen examples analyzing ideas of different architects and what they meant using certain metaphoric representations. This book is expected to be a reader-cum-textbook for many architectural theory classes for the next generation of architects.